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Objective@#To investigate the potential relationship between sensory characteristics and gray matter volumes in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of children with ASD.@*Methods@#A total of 40 ASD children who were treated or recovered in Xi an medical institutions and 16 typically developing (TD) children who were from several kindergatens in Xi an were invited for participation. Sensory characteristics were evaluated by the sensory processing and self regulation checklist, 3D structural brain images were obtained with TIWI, and gray matter volumes were analyzed by voxel based morphometry. Sensory characteristics and gray matter volumes were compared between groups and the relationship between sensory characteristics and different gray matter volumes were analyzed.@*Results@#The scores of auditory, visual, tactile, sensory processing ability and sensory under responsivity in the ASD group were lower than those in the TD group ( Z/t =-2.63, -2.57 , -3.11, -2.19, -3.83, P <0.05). Gray matter volumes in nine brain regions increased in the ASD group compared to the TD group, including the left and right posterior inferior lobe, right parahippocamal gyrus, left insula, left media frontal gyrus, left superion occipital gyrus, right superion occipital gyrus, right superion parietal lobe, and right posterion central gyrus ( t =3.53, 3.69 , 3.37, 3.86, 3.61, 3.37, 4.04, 3.38, 3.16, P <0.01). In the ASD group, the scores of visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, sensory processing ability, sensory seeking behavior and sensory over responsivity were negatively correlated with gray matter volumes of left superior occipital gyrus ( r =-0.36, -0.40, -0.39, -0.36, -0.40, -0.36), and the scores of visual, vestibular, and sensory over responsivity were negatively correlated with gray matter volumes of the right superior parietal lobule ( r =-0.36, -0.50, -0.42)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The presence of paresthesia in children with ASD is associated with gray matter volumes of the left superior occipital gyrus and right superior parietal lobule.
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ABSTRACT Introduction The college sports environment is characterized by breadth, diversity, and personality. This is an important period to develop students' physical ability and improve their personality. Objective Compare the effects of different exercise methods on students' health status. Methods 2991 college students participated in different sports activities. These sports were conducted based on the selection course (PE), all during one semester. The students' physical health status was observed through experiments performed before and after the intervention. Results Activities such as basketball and soccer showed high effectiveness in improving students' vital capacity index, volleyball expressively improved students' performance in the long jump, tennis and table tennis were effective in improving students' strength and adherence index, being lower in other indices. Martial arts also stood out in improving the students' vital capacity index. Conclusion Improving physical health should be an overall process of students' fitness development, and universities should actively encourage college students to participate in long-term sports to improve their health. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução O ambiente do esporte universitário é caracterizado pela abrangência, diversidade e personalidade. Este é um período importante para desenvolver a capacidade física dos estudantes e melhorar a sua personalidade. Objetivo Comparar os efeitos de diferentes métodos de exercício sobre o estado de saúde dos estudantes. Métodos 2991 estudantes universitários participaram de diferentes atividades esportivas. Estes esportes foram conduzidos com base no curso de seleção (PE), todos durante um semestre. O estado de saúde física dos estudantes foi observado através de experimentos executados previa e posteriormente à intervenção. Resultados Atividades como basquetebol e futebol demonstraram alta efetividade para melhorar o índice de capacidade vital dos estudantes, voleibol melhorou expressivamente o desempenho dos alunos no salto em distância, o tênis e o tênis de mesa foram efetivos para aprimorar o índice de força e de adesão dos alunos, sendo inferior noutros índices. Também as artes marciais se destacaram ao melhorar o índice de capacidade vital dos alunos. Conclusão O aprimoramento da saúde física deve ser um processo global de desenvolvimento da aptidão física dos estudantes e as universidades devem encorajar ativamente os estudantes universitários a participar de esportes de longo prazo para melhorar sua saúde. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción El entorno del deporte universitario se caracteriza por su alcance, diversidad y personalidad. Es un periodo importante para desarrollar la capacidad física de los alumnos y mejorar su personalidad. Objetivo Comparar los efectos de diferentes métodos de ejercicio sobre el estado de salud de los estudiantes. Métodos 2991 estudiantes universitarios participaron en diferentes actividades deportivas. Estos deportes se llevaron a cabo basándose en el curso de selección (PE), todo ello durante un semestre. El estado de salud física de los alumnos se observó mediante experimentos realizados antes y después de la intervención. Resultados Actividades como el baloncesto y el fútbol mostraron una alta eficacia para mejorar el índice de capacidad vital de los alumnos, el voleibol mejoró expresivamente el rendimiento de los alumnos en salto de longitud, el tenis y el tenis de mesa fueron eficaces para mejorar el índice de fuerza y adherencia de los alumnos, siendo inferiores en otros índices. También las artes marciales se destacaron en la mejora del índice de capacidad vital de los alumnos. Conclusión La mejora de la salud física debería ser un proceso global del desarrollo de la forma física de los estudiantes y las universidades deberían animar activamente a los universitarios a participar en deportes de larga duración para mejorar su salud. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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Objective:To analysis the prevalence and characteristics of comorbid insomnia and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in community population.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. Cluster sampling was applied. Community residents in Shantou and Meizhou were investigated during April to May, 2021. Essential information collection, sleep related health investigation, and sleep study were conducted. Insomnia was defined as the insomnia severity index (ISI)≥8. A type Ⅳ wearable intelligent sleep monitor was applied for sleep study. Comorbid insomnia and SDB was defined as both diagnosis of insomnia and SDB. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 25. Prevalence and characteristics of insomnia only, SDB only and comorbid insomnia and SDB were analyzed. Logistic regression was conducted to analyze the relationship between sleep disorders and unrestored sleep, abnormal glucose metabolism, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease.Results:There were 3 730 residents completed the investigation. The median age was 55.0 (46.0, 63.0) years. The prevalence of insomnia only, SDB only, and comorbid insomnia and SDB were 26.0%, 20.2%, and 10.4% respectively. The incidence of unrestored sleep in insomnia only and comorbid insomnia and SDB were 2.900 times and 3.777 times of that in no insomnia or SDB (both P<0.001); the risk of hyperlipidemia was elevated in insomnia only, SDB only and comorbid insomnia and SDB ( OR=1.553, 1.415, and 1.868; all P<0.05); the risk of cardiovascular disease increased 40.8% in SDB only ( P=0.001), and 42.1% in comorbid insomnia and SDB ( P=0.007), after adjusted by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, abnormal glucose metabolism, and hyperlipidemia. Stratified analysis revealed that young female (age<60 years) with normal BMI (<25 kg/m 2) and comorbid insomnia and SDB were associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Female with normal body weight and insomnia only or comorbid insomnia and SDB were associated with higher risk of hyperlipidemia. Conclusions:The prevalence of comorbid insomnia and SDB is high in community population. Patients with comorbid insomnia and SDB present with more significant unrestored sleep, and are correlated with higher risk of hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases.
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OBJECT IVE To provide scientific evidence for the quality standard research of Qingyi mixture （QM）qualitatively and quantitatively. METHODS The high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）fingerprint of QM was established ，and the chemical pattern recognition analysis was carried out. At the same time ，the contents of 8 components such as chlorogenic acid in the preparation were determined. The determination was performed on Agilent SB-C 18 column with 0.1％ phosphoric acid-acetonitrile as mobile phase （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The column temperature was 35 ℃，and detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine（2012 edition），SPSS 20.0 and SIMCA 14.1 were used to perform similarity evaluation ，cluster analysis （CA），principle component analysis （PCA）and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）of QM samples. RESULTS A total of 22 common peaks were calibrated by 15 batches of QM ，and the similarity was over 0.975. Twenty-two common peaks were assigned and 8 of them were identified. CA ，PCA and OPLS-DA divided the 15 batches of QM into two categories. Meanwhile，5 differential components were screened out ，i.e. peak 9（cichoric acid ），peak 14（baicalin），peak 18，peak 19 and peak 21 （baicalein）. The contents of 8 components，such as chlorogenic acid ，ferulic acid ，cichoric acid ，hesperidin， baicalin，salvianolic acid B ，baicalein and paeonol ，were 0.077-0.094，0.165-0.190，0.100-0.114，0.083-0.107，0.556-0.615，0.288-0.314，0.152-0.188 and 0.114-0.128 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established HPLC fingerprint and content determination method can provide reference for the quality standard research of QM.
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Objective:To explore the new mode of screening and intervention for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in civil servants and its influencing factors.Methods:From September to December 2017, 1 241 civil servants who underwent annual physical examination in the outpatient department of a civil servant unit in Guangdong province were enrolled. They were screened for high-risk patients with OSA by Berlin questionnaire, and then those high-risk patients would receive type 3 home sleep testing (HST). Patients diagnosed with OSA were given free continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) intervention and follow-up. The HST acceptance of high-risk OSA patients, OSA prevalence, CPAP initial treatment response rate and adherence trend and influencing factors were analyzed among the civil servants.Results:A total of 1036 civil servants completed the Berlin Questionnaire screening, of which 22.0% (228/1 036) were positive for the Berlin Questionnaire and were considered to be at high risk for OSA. A total of 228 high-risk OSA patients underwent free HST screening, and 32.5% (74/228) refused sleep monitoring. 154 people received sleep monitoring, 103 people were eventually diagnosed with OSA, of which 41 were mild (40.2%), 35 were moderate (33.3%), and 27 were severe (26.5%). The estimated prevalence of OSA among civil servants was 9.9% (103/1 036). All OSA patients were provided with free auto-CPAP treatment, and only 55.3% (57/103) received initial CPAP treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the CPAP treatment response rate was positively correlated with the severity of OSA ( OR=5.65, 95% CI: 1.007―31.693); it was negatively correlated with the general health status score of the 36-Item Short Form of the Medical Outcomes Survey (SF-36, OR=0.968, 95% CI: 0.938―0.998).Self-determined behavioral interventions and self-perceptions that treatment not needed were the reasons for not receiving treatment.In the first week of initial CPAP treatment follow-up, 70.2% (40/57) patients had good adherence ≥4 h/night, and the median adherence was 5.0(4.0, 6.0) h/night. The adherence of 17 cases (29.8%) was less than 4 h/night, and the median adherence was 0 (0, 2.0) h/night. Univariate analysis showed that those with difficulty falling asleep, anxiety, depression, and adverse reactions to CPAP (nasal mask discomfort and suffocation) had worse adherence. The long-term adherence to CPAP treatment gradually declined, and by the 2-year follow-up period, only 22.0% of patients had good adherence. Conclusions:Even with free sleep screening and disease intervention mode, the acceptance of sleep monitoring and CPAP treatment is still low, and the short-term and long-term adherence to CPAP is poor. Epworth sleepiness Score, hypertension, and disease cognition affected the acceptance of sleep monitoring. Psycho psychological factors and adverse reactions to CPAP affect patient compliance.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Great international efforts have been put into the development of prophylactic vaccines and neutralizing antibodies. However, the knowledge about the B cell immune response induced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is still limited. Here, we report a comprehensive characterization of the dynamics of immunoglobin heavy chain (IGH) repertoire in COVID-19 patients. By using next-generation sequencing technology, we examined the temporal changes in the landscape of the patients immunological status, and found dramatic changes in the IGH within the patients immune system after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Although different patients have distinct immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, by employing clonotype overlap, lineage expansion and clonotype network analyses, we observed a higher clonotype overlap and substantial lineage expansion of B cell clones during 2-3 weeks of illness, which is of great importance to B-cell immune responses. Meanwhile, for preferences of V gene usage during SARS-CoV-2 infection, IGHV3-74 and IGHV4-34 and IGHV4-39 in COVID-19 patients were more abundant than that of healthy controls. Overall, we present an immunological resource for SARS-CoV-2 that could promote both therapeutic development as well as mechanistic research.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), and provide a basis for the individualized surgical procedure.@*Methods@#Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 940 PTMC patients admitted to the Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, from January 2016 to June 2018, including 206 males and 734 females, with a gender ratio of 1.0∶3.6. Age ranged from 18 to 78, with an average of (45.5±10.6) years. The correlation between gender, age, cancer size, multifocality, BRAFV600E gene mutation, complicated with hashimoto′s thyroiditis, extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis were analyzed. SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Chi-square test or rank sum test was adopted for comparison between groups, and logistic regression analysis was adopted for multivariate analysis.@*Results@#There were 397 (42.2%) patients with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and 104 (11.1%) patients with lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM). Univariate analysis showed that male, age < 55 years old (χ2=24.485, P<0.001), bilateral cancer foci (χ2=8.100, P=0.004), larger length-diameter (Z=-0.016, P<0.001), and BRAFV600E gene mutation (χ2= 4.918, P=0.027) had a higher CLNM positive proportion, and LLNM positive proportion was higher in male (χ2=6.584, P=0.010), bilateral cancer foci (χ2=26.669, P<0.001), larger length-diameter (Z=-4.991, P<0.001), extra-glandular invasion (χ2=16.862, P<0.001) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR=2.091, P<0.001), age (OR=1.551, P=0.010), cancer lesion length (OR=5.285, P<0.001) and BRAFV600E gene mutation (OR=1.648, P=0.038) were independent risk factors for CLNM in PTMC patients. Gender (OR=1.657, P=0.032), bilateral lesion (OR=2.610, P<0.001), tumor length diameter (OR=7.420, P<0.001) and extrathyroidal extension (OR=2.611, P=0.005) were independent risk factors for LLNM. The optimal critical values of tumor lesion length-diameter for risk assessment in CLNM and LLNM were 0.6 cm and 0.8 cm, respectively.@*Conclusions@#For PTMC patients with negative cervical lymph node had risk factors for lymph node metastasis, preventive dissection of central lymph nodes was recommended, and preventive dissection of lateral lymph nodes should also be comprehensively considered, by evaluating the extrathyroidal extension.
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Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC),and provide a basis for the individualized surgical procedure.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 940 PTMC patients admitted to the Department of Thyroid Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,from January 2016 to June 2018,including 206 males and 734 females,with a gender ratio of 1.0∶ 3.6.Age ranged from 18 to 78,with an average of (45.5± 10.6) years.The correlation between gender,age,cancer size,muhifocality,BRAFV600E gene mutation,complicated with hashimoto's thyroiditis,extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis were analyzed.SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Chi-square test or rank sum test was adopted for comparison between groups,and logistic regression analysis was adopted for multivariate analysis.Results There were 397 (42.2％) patients with central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and 104 (11.1％) patients with lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM).Univariate analysis showed that male,age ＜ 55 years old (x2 =24.485,P ＜ 0.001),bilateral cancer foci (x2 =8.100,P =0.004),larger length-diameter (Z =-0.016,P ＜0.001),and BRAFV600E gene mutation (x2 =4.918,P =0.027) had a higher CLNM positive proportion,and LLNM positive proportion was higher in male (x2 =6.584,P =0.010),bilateral cancer foci (x2 =26.669,P ＜0.001),larger length-diameter (Z=-4.991,P ＜0.001),extra-glandular invasion (x2 =16.862,P ＜0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR =2.091,P ＜0.001),age (OR =1.551,P =0.010),cancer lesion length (OR =5.285,P ＜ 0.001) and BRAFV600E gene mutation (OR =1.648,P =0.038) were independent risk factors for CLNM in PTMC patients.Gender (OR =1.657,P =0.032),bilateral lesion (OR =2.610,P ＜ 0.001),tumor length diameter (OR =7.420,P ＜ 0.001) and extrathyroidal extension (OR =2.611,P =0.005) were independent risk factors for LLNM.The optimal critical values of tumor lesion length-diameter for risk assessment in CLNM and LLNM were 0.6 cm and 0.8 cm,respectively.Conclusions For PTMC patients with negative cervical lymph node had risk factors for lymph node metastasis,preventive dissection of central lymph nodes was recommended,and preventive dissection of lateral lymph nodes should also be comprehensively considered,by evaluating the extrathyroidal extension.
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Objective To investigate the different expression levels of death-associated protein kinase ( DAPK) related miR-191 and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten ( PTEN) related miR-494 from fine-needle aspiration biopsy ( FNAB) samples and blood of both benign and malignant thyroid nodules, and to find new clinical molecular diagnostic markers. Methods FNAB specimens and peripheral venous blood were collected from 113 patients with thyroid nodules (48 cases of malignant and suspected malignant thyroid nodules, 38 cases of nodular goiter, and 27 cases of thyroid adenomas). The expression levels of miR-191 and miR-494 were detected by realtime fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription PCR ( qRT-PCR ) . qRT-PCR were applied to detect miR-191 and miR-494 expression level in 98 patients with thyroid nodules and peripheral circulation. Receiver operating characteristic curves ( ROC curves) were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of miR-191 and miR-494 to diagnose malignant thyroid nodules. Results (1) The sensitivity of FNAB in diagnosing thyroid cancer was 91. 7％ (44/48) and the specificity was 90. 9％ (30/33),the diagnostic accuracy was 91. 35％. (2) In FNAB samples, as well as in peripheral circulation, the relative expression of miR-191 in thyroid cancer group is significantly lower than that of the benign group, while the relative expression of miR-494 in thyroid cancer group is significantly higher than that of the benign group (P<0. 05). (3) The sensitivity and specificity of miR-191 and miR-494 were acceptable (area under the ROC curve>0. 7). Sensitivity and specificity of miR-191 in FNAB and peripheral circulation were 76. 9％, 73. 5％ and 61. 5％, 64. 1％; miR-494 were 63. 6％,76. 5％ and 72. 7％, 84. 6％respectively. (4) In thyroid cancer FNAB samples and peripheral circulation, the differences between the relative expression level of miR-191 and miR-494, and the clinical characteristics of age, gender, nodule size, and calcification, with or without cervical lymph node enlargement, thyroid function and thyroid antibodies with or without abnormalities were not statistically significant(P>0. 05). Conclusion MiR-191 and miR-494 can be used as molecular diagnostic markers for early diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma with adjunctive FNAB.
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Objective To investigate the protection effects and possible mechanism of apoptotic effect of compound Xiancao granules on renal ischemia reperfusion injury ( IRI ) in rats. Methods Renal IRI rat model was established by clipping bilateral renal artery.The rats were divided into model control group (n=10), compound Xiancao granules group (n=10) and sham operation group (n=10).All Serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined to evaluate kidney function after IRI.Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity in kidney were measured by colorimetric method. Expression of apoptotic regulatory genes Bcl-2 and Bax in renal tissue were detected by Western blotting.Renal tissue sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and examined under a light microscope. Results SOD and GSH-PX levels of the compound Xiancao granules group (278.1±16.2),(155.96±20.58) U?mg-1 were significantly higher than those of the model control group (196.3±12.1),(109.34±17.81) U?mg-1 (P<0.05). MDA, BUN and Cr (12.49±1.07) nmol?mL-1,(8.9±2.7) mmol?L-1,(149.7±8.5) μmol?L-1 were significantly reduced in the compound Xiancao granules group as compared with those of the model control group (17.32±1.26) nmol?mL-1,(14.6± 3.3) mmol?L-1,(206.1±11.2) μmol?L-1(P<0.05).Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels of sham operation group were significantly lower, and the Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels of model control group were significantly enhanced ( Bcl-2:P<0. 05, Bax: P<0. 01 ) . Bax mRNA expression level of compound Xiancao granules group was significantly decreased as compared with that of model control group ( P<0.05) , but Bcl-2 mRNA expression level of compound Xiancao granules group was significantly enhanced as compared with that of model control group (P<0.01). Conclusion These results suggested that compound Xiancao granules has protection effect on renal IRI in rats. The mechanisms may be related to its antioxidant activity and expression of the apoptotic genes such as Bcl-2 and Bax.
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Objective To investigate the correlations of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with fibrosis and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) score in pancreatic cancer .Methods Eighteen patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic cancer were per‐formed conventional MR imaging ,DWI examinations .ADCs were measured with region of interest method on a “Single slice” .The wax blocks of 18 patients with pancreatic cancer were received Masson staining and FAP immunohistochemical staining .The correla‐tions of ADC with levels of fibrosis and FAP scores of pancreatic cancer were assessed by Pearson correlation analysis .Results The mild negative correlation between ADC value of cancerous foci and fibrosis was not significant (r= -0 .459 ,P=0 .056) .Significant negative correlation was found between ADC values of moderate and high differentiation cancerous foci and fibrosis (r= -0 .564 ,P=0 .044) .Significant negative correlation was found between ADC value and FAP score (r= -0 .497 , P=0 .036) .Conclusion The negative correlations are found between ADC and fibrosis ,FAP score of pancreatic cancer .DWI will be helpful to infer the pathologi‐cal characteristics .
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Purpose To assess the diagnostic value of 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scan in patients with lung cancer. Materials and Methods Computer-based retrieval was performed on Medline, PubMed, EMbase, Wanfang data, CNKI and the Cochrane Library to search reports on diagnostic value of lung cancer with 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG PET/CT scan. The quality of included studies was evaluated according to quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS), and MetaDisc software was adopted to conduct meta-analysis. The pooled specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated. The heterogeneity was tested. The summary receiving operating characteristic (SROC) curve was drawn, and the areas under the curve (AUC) as well as Q* were measured. Results Ten studies were included. Meta-analysis showed pooled sensitivity was 0.88, pooled specificity was 0.56, DOR was 9.10, AUC was 0.8102, Q*was 0.7448 for FDG group;pooled sensitivity was 0.79, pooled specificity was 0.78, DOR was 12.50, AUC was 0.8440, Q*was 0.7756 for FLT group. Conclusion Both 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT have well diagnostic value for lung cancer, but the specificity of 18F-FLT is higher than that of 18F-FDG in the diagnosis of lung cancer.
